Paver adhesive and method of laying pavers using same

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are paver adhesives including dry concrete mixes. The paver adhesive can include cement, silica sand, alumina silicate, and latex or acrylic polymer. The paver adhesive can be configured to be applied to a substrate in a dry state. The paver adhesive can be configured to become hydrated subsequent to pavers being installed over the paver adhesive, and the paver adhesive can be configured to cure and adhere paver tiles to the substrate following the hydrating.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/780,236, filed 3Feb. 2020 and entitled “PAVER ADHESIVE AND METHOD OF LAYING PAVERS,”which is a continuation-in-part and claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C.§ 120, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/415,371, filed 17 May 2019and entitled “PAVER ADHESIVE AND METHOD OF LAYING PAVERS,” which is acontinuation and claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 15/845,809, filed 18 Dec. 2017 and entitled“PAVER ADHESIVE AND METHOD OF LAYING PAVERS,” which is a continuationand claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/697,726, filed 7 Sep. 2017 and entitled “PAVERADHESIVE AND METHOD OF LAYING PAVERS,” which is a continuation andclaims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/288,433, filed 7 Oct. 2016 and entitled “PAVER ADHESIVE ANDMETHOD OF LAYING PAVERS,” the entire contents and substance of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if fully set forthbelow.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosed technology includes paver adhesives, such as dry concretemixes, as well as methods for laying paver tiles using such paveradhesives. Each disclosed paver adhesive is configured to be distributedon a substrate (e.g., a sidewalk, concrete pad, driveway, stone, orother solid surface) while the paver adhesive is in a dry state, suchthat bricks, paver bricks, pavers, or paver tiles (referred to generallyherein as “pavers” or “paver tiles”) can be laid atop the paver adhesivewhile the paver adhesive is still in the dry state, and the paveradhesive can be hydrated after the pavers have been laid. Subsequent tohydration and curing, the disclosed paver adhesives can provide a strongand durable adhesion between the pavers and the substrate, and the paveradhesives can withstand vehicular traffic without significant cracking,releasing or otherwise degrading.

BACKGROUND

Many homeowners or proprietors may wish to replace their old concretedriveway with a paver tile driveway. Conventionally, this processcomprises breaking and digging up the existing concrete driveway and itsbase. The old concrete and base material must then be removed fordisposal.

The base material, typically a limestone gravel, can then be replacedand compacted. The base material is then typically covered with a layerof sand, which is compacted and leveled as a layer to support thepavers. The pavers can then be laid on top of the leveled sand layer. Toprevent shifting or other movement of the pavers after placement, atleast some of the pavers must be secured. It is commonplace to secure atleast the pavers at the edges of area being paved, such as by a concreteedge, pavers set in concrete, or a metal or plastic fixed edge.Commonly, the pavers that are secured are thicker and more expensivethan typical pavers. Accordingly, the process to convert a concrete (orany other material) driveway, sidewalk, or other area to one paved withpavers can be expensive, disruptive to existing landscaping, and timeconsuming.

Further, there is no conventional method for reliably installing 0.75inch to 1.5 inch concrete pavers over a concrete driveway for use byvehicular traffic. Pavers are not generally designed to set in cement ormortar over existing concrete applications, and relatedly, pavers arenot conventionally made or installed for vehicular applications. To thatend, the International Concrete Paver Institute (ICPI), which governs,qualifies, and mandates all specifications for use of paver tiles, doesnot acknowledge driveway overlays with paver tiles. Thus, ICPI certifiedinstallers are unlikely to install pavers over existing concrete pads.

Because typical pavers were developed for pedestrian use and notvehicular use, pavers are generally seen as an approved or acceptableproduct for remodeling pool decks, backyard patios, walkways andcourtyards. However, pavers are not typically for vehicularapplications, such as installation as an overlay on a driveway or othervehicular application. Using existing methods, it is likely that anypavers installed atop a driver, for example, would crack and break apartfrom the weight of the vehicle, as well as the various forcesexperienced by the pavers, such as those provided by any twisting andturning of the tires. Thus, using current methods, it is difficult toinstall pavers on concrete for vehicular use and provide a durable finalproduct.

Moreover, regardless of the targeted use of the pavers (e.g.,pedestrian, vehicular), any adhesion of the pavers to the underlyingsubstrate (e.g., a concrete pad) typically requires theadhesive—typically, a concrete mix—to be pre-mixed. Using conventionalpractices, the pre-mixed concrete mix or other adhesive is hydratedprior to application on the ground or substrate. For adhesion to occur,the hydrated mix must be permitted to cure, which will ultimatelyfixedly attach the pavers to the underlying surface. However, thisprocess can be messy, difficult, and cumbersome. Further, the installeris afforded only a certain amount of the time to install the pavers atopthe adhesive before the adhesive cures and hardens. This time-basedissue can become a burden in and of itself and can cause the installerto hurry the installation, which can lead to shoddy or inferiorinstallation.

Accordingly, there is a need for a method of laying paver tiles over asurface or substrate such that the pavers will provide a durable andlong-last surface for vehicular use. There is also a need for a paveradhesive for securely adhering pavers to a substrate or underlyingsurface.

SUMMARY

These and other problems can be addressed by the technology disclosedherein.

The disclosed technology includes a dry concrete mix for dry settingpaver tiles, and the dry concrete mix can include cement , silica sand,alumina silicate, and a latex polymer and/or acrylic polymer. The cementcan be in a concentration range from approximately 23 wt. % toapproximately 70 wt. %. The cement can be in a concentration range fromapproximately 23 wt. % to approximately 70 wt. %. The cement can be in aconcentration range from approximately 25 wt. % to approximately 60 wt.%. The cement can be in a concentration range from approximately 20 wt.% to approximately 40 wt. %. The cement can be in a concentration rangefrom approximately 21 wt. % to approximately 30 wt. %. The cement can bein a concentration range from 23 wt. % to approximately 40 wt. %.

The silica sand can be in a concentration range from approximately 30wt. % to approximately 79 wt. %. The silica sand can be in aconcentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 78 wt.%. The silica sand can be in a concentration range from approximately 30wt. % to approximately 74 wt. %. The silica sand can be in aconcentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 70 wt.%.

The alumina silicate can be in a concentration range from approximately0.5 wt. % to approximately 6 wt. %.

The latex polymer and/or acrylic polymer can be in a concentration rangefrom approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 8 wt. %. The latex polymerand/or acrylic polymer can be in a concentration range fromapproximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt. %. The latex polymerand/or acrylic polymer can be in a concentration range fromapproximately 23 wt. % to approximately 70 wt. %;

The disclosed technology also includes methods for laying paver tilesusing the disclosed paver adhesive or concrete mixes.

Additional features, functionalities, and applications of the disclosedtechnology are discussed in more detail herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

FIG. 1 shows a paver tile used in an embodiment of the method, whereinthe paver tile comprises a bottom surface defining grooves.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Unless stated otherwise, such as in the examples, all amounts andnumbers used in this specification are intended to be interpreted asmodified by the term “approximately” or the term “about.” Likewise, allelements or compounds identified in this specification, unless statedotherwise, are intended to be non-limiting and representative of otherelements or compounds generally considered by those skilled in the artas being within the same family of elements or compounds.

While certain embodiments of the disclosed technology have beendescribed in connection with what is presently considered to be the mostpractical embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosedtechnology is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on thecontrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalentarrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. Althoughspecific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic anddescriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth.But it is to be understood that examples of the disclosed technology canbe practiced without these specific details. In other instances,well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown indetail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.References to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,”“some embodiments,” “certain embodiments,” “various embodiments,” etc.,indicate that the embodiment(s) of the disclosed technology so describedmay include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but notevery embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure,or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in oneembodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, althoughit may.

Throughout the specification and the claims, the following terms take atleast the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the contextclearly dictates otherwise. The term “or” is intended to mean aninclusive “or.” Further, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended tomean one or more unless specified otherwise or clear from the context tobe directed to a singular form.

The disclosed technology includes a paver adhesive or dry concrete mixthat includes Portland cement, silica sand, alumina silicate, and alatex polymer and/or an acrylic polymer. As discussed more fully below,the disclosed paver adhesives can be used in methods for installingpaver tiles on a substrate, such as a concrete pad, an asphalt pad, theground, or some other substrate. The method can include distributing thepaver adhesive in a dry form over an area to covered with paver tiles(e.g., a substrate), positioning the paver tiles over the paveradhesive, and hydrating the paver adhesive subsequent to positioning thepaver tiles. Once hydrated, the paver adhesive can be permitted to cureand harden.

As used herein, the term “dry” as used with respect to a dry paveradhesive or a dry concrete mix refers to the paver adhesive or concretemix lacking added water. That is, while the dry paver mix or dryconcrete mix may contain some moisture (e.g., depending on the ambienthumidity), the paver mix or dry concrete is still considered “dry” solong as water or hydrating fluids have not been added to the mix.

The disclosed technology includes paver adhesives or concrete mixes thatare dry (packaged), no-mix, polymer-modified, cement-based mortars. Thepaver adhesives can be configured to be distributed or applied in a drystate and hydrated in situ subsequent to laying paver tiles over the dryconcrete mix. That is, the disclosed paver adhesives are formulated suchthat paver tiles can be laid over the paver adhesive while the paveradhesive is in a dry form, and the paver adhesive can then be hydratedafter some or all of the pave tiles are laid. This is in contrast toconventional approaches that require shear mixing of mortar with waterbefore placement of paver tiles. It is conventionally thought that theshear mixing adds air to the mortar to control the curing period, whichis thought to be necessary for ultimate strength of the cured mortar andfor developing a strong bond with abutting obj ects, such as pavertiles.

The dry concrete mix comprises cement (e.g., Portland cement), silicasand, alumina silicate (e.g., perlite), and/or latex polymer and/oracrylic polymer. The dry concrete mix can include calcium carbonate. ThePortland cement can include Type I cement in a concentration rangebetween approximately 40 wt. % and approximately 60 wt. % and Type IIIcement in a concentration range between approximately 40 wt. % andapproximately 60 wt. %. As will be appreciated, alumina silicate,perlite, or another material for water retention can promotewater-retention in the eventually hydrated paver adhesive or concretemix, which can aid in curing. Further, the latex and/or acrylic polymerscan also promote water-retention and adhesion between the paver tilesand the underlying substrate.

The latex polymer and/or acrylic polymer can be a powder, such as a dry,redispersible powder. The latex polymer and/or acrylic polymer caninclude, but is not limited to, poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), poly(vinylacetate-ethylene) (VAE, VAc/E), poly(vinyl acetate/vinyl ester ofversatic acid) (VAE/VeoVa, VAM/VeoVa), poly(styrene acrylate),poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate), acrylic homopolymer, acrylic copolymers,acrylic terpolymers, poly(acrylic esters), polyvinylidene chloride(PVAC), poly(styrene-butadiene), poly(styrene-butadiene) copolymers,poly (styrene-butadiene) terpolymers, or any useful combination thereof.Various types (chemical families) and grades of dry, redispersible latexand/or acrylic polymer powders can conceivably be used in the disclosedpaver adhesive formulations without departing from the spirit of thedisclosed technology. The combination of components in the disclosedpaver adhesives and dry cement mix can provide ease of use andsufficient adherence between an underlying substrate and the paver tilesto prevent cracking of the tiles (e.g., due to vehicular use). As willbe appreciated, the dry paver adhesives of the present disclosure can bespread more easily and conveniently as compared to wet mortars.

Qualities of the formulations can be influenced as desired by theconcentration of certain materials. For example, increasedconcentrations of latex and/or acrylic polymers can improve adherenceand ultimate performance of the paver adhesive, but this may alsoincrease the cure time of the paver adhesive. Thus, it may be beneficialto increase the concentration of a component (e.g., alumina silicate) toregulate water evaporation and offset the increased cure time.

An example dry concrete mix can include Portland cement, silica sand,alumina silicate, and as poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate). As a morespecific example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cement in aconcentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 60 wt.%, silica sand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 1 wt. % to approximately 6 wt. %, and poly(ethylene-vinylacetate) in a concentration range from approximately 1 wt. % toapproximately 30 wt. %. As another example, the dry concrete mix caninclude Portland cement in a concentration range from approximately 30wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration rangefrom approximately 25 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 1 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in aconcentration range from approximately 1 wt. % to approximately 30 wt.%.

As yet another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cementin a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60wt. %, silica sand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration rangefrom approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, andpoly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in a concentration range from approximately0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt. %. For certain applications, the dryconcrete mix can include Portland cement in a concentration range fromapproximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, silica sand in aconcentration range from approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60 wt.%, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, andpoly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in a concentration range from approximately0.5 wt. % to approximately 1.0 wt. %.

As an example that may be particularly useful for use in colderclimates, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cement in aconcentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 60 wt.%, silica sand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, andpoly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in a concentration range from approximately15 wt. % to approximately 30 wt. %. For certain applications, the dryconcrete mix can include Portland cement in a concentration range fromapproximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, silica sand in aconcentration range from approximately 25 wt. % to approximately 50 wt.%, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 4 wt. % to approximately 6 wt. %, and poly(ethylene-vinylacetate) in a concentration range from approximately 15 wt. % toapproximately 30 wt. %. As yet another example, the dry concrete mix caninclude Portland cement in a concentration range from approximately 35wt. % to approximately 45 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration rangefrom approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 40 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 4 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in aconcentration range from approximately 15 wt. % to approximately 25 wt.%.

As yet another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cementin a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range from approximately 25 wt. %to approximately 50 wt. %, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentrationrange from approximately 4 wt. % to approximately 6 wt. %, andpoly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in a concentration range from approximately15 wt. % to approximately 30 wt. %.

Yet another example of the dry concrete mix can include Portland cement,silica sand, alumina silicate, and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate). As amore specific example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cementin a concentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 60wt. %, silica sand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration rangefrom approximately 1 wt. % to approximately 6 wt. %, and a latex and/oracrylic polymer, such as poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) powder in aconcentration range from approximately 1 wt. % to approximately 30 wt.%. As another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cementin a concentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 60wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range from approximately 25 wt. %to approximately 60 wt. %, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentrationrange from approximately 1 wt. % to approximately 6 wt. %, andpoly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) or a latex and/or acrylic polymer powder ina concentration range from approximately 1 wt. % to approximately 30 wt.%.

As a further example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cementin a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60wt. %, silica sand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration rangefrom approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, and a dry,redispersible latex polymer powder, such as poly(ethylene-vinylacetate), in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 3 wt. %. For certain applications, the dry concrete mixconsists essentially of Portland cement in a concentration range fromapproximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, silica sand in aconcentration range from approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60 wt.%, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, a latex and/or acrylicpolymer (e.g., dry, redispersible powders), such as poly(ethylene-vinylacetate), in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 1.0 wt. %.

As another example that can be useful in colder climates for example,the dry concrete mix can include Portland cement in a concentrationrange from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, silicasand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, and latex and/oracrylic polymers such as, but not limited to, poly(ethylene-vinylacetate), in a concentration range from approximately 5 wt. % toapproximately 30 wt. %. As another example, for example for use incolder climates, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cement in aconcentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 60 wt.%, silica sand, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentration range fromapproximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 3 wt. %, and dry, latex polymerpowders such as, but not limited to, poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in aconcentration range from approximately 20 wt. % to approximately 30 wt.%. For certain applications, the dry concrete mix consists essentiallyof Portland cement in a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. %to approximately 60 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 25 wt. % to approximately 50 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 4 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in aconcentration range from approximately 10 wt. % to approximately 19 wt.%. In still another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 35 wt. % toapproximately 45 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 30 wt. % to approximately 40 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 4 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) in aconcentration range from approximately 15 wt. % to approximately 25 wt.%.

As an additional example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 25 wt. % toapproximately 60 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 25 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 5 wt. %, and latex and/or acrylic polymers in aconcentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 8 wt.%. As another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portland cementin a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 65wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. %to approximately 65 wt. %, alumina silicate (perlite) in a concentrationrange from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt. %, and latexand/or acrylic polymers in a concentration range from approximately 0.5wt. % to approximately 8 wt. %.

As an additional example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 20 wt. % toapproximately 40 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 30 wt. % to approximately 79 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and latex and/or acrylic polymers in aconcentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt.%. As yet another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 20 wt. % toapproximately 30 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 30 wt. % to approximately 79 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and latex and/or acrylic polymers in aconcentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt.%. As yet another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 21 wt. % toapproximately 40 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 30 wt. % to approximately 78 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and latex and/or acrylic polymers in aconcentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt.%. As yet another example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 25 wt. % toapproximately 35 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 30 wt. % to approximately 74 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and latex and/or acrylic polymers in aconcentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 5 wt.%.

As an additional example, the dry concrete mix can include Portlandcement in a concentration range from approximately 23 wt. % toapproximately 70 wt. %, silica sand in a concentration range fromapproximately 30 wt. % to approximately 75 wt. %, alumina silicate(perlite) in a concentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % toapproximately 6 wt. %, and latex and/or acrylic polymers in aconcentration range from approximately 0.5 wt. % to approximately 8 wt.%.

While the various example formulations or compositions are expresslydescribed herein as “comprising” or “including” certain materials (oftenin relation to certain concentration ranges), it is to be understoodthat the disclosure fully contemplates formulations or compositions that“consist essentially of” the described combinations and/or concentrationranges of materials.

The disclosed technology includes methods for installing paver tilesusing the disclosed paver adhesives. The method can include cleaning thesubstrate or area where the paver tiles are to be installed (e.g.,concrete pad), such as by power washing the surface of the substrate. Itis preferable to wait for the surface to become substantially dry beforecontinuing the method.

The method can include distributing the paver adhesive on the substratewhile the paver adhesive is in a dry state (e.g., in powder form). Forexample, the method can include spreading a layer of the paver adhesiveover a concrete pad. The paver adhesive can be distributed or spread tohave a substantially uniform depth. Any useful amount of dry paveradhesive can be applied. For example, the layer of the applied paveradhesive can have a depth in the range between approximately 0.25 inchto approximately 0.5 inch.

It can be helpful to apply additional paver adhesive (e.g., a thickerlayer), for example, in areas of the substrate that are uneven, havedips, or other deformities. It is preferable to not exceed a dry paveradhesive thickness of 1.5 inches. Additional paver adhesive can beapplied, but this may increase the difficulty or amount of waterrequired for subsequently hydrating the paver adhesive (as explainedmore fully below) and/or the amount of time required for the paveradhesive to cure and/or harden.

The method can include covering any existing expansion joints or cracksof the substrate with the paver adhesive. Small cracks (e.g., up to 0.75inch) can be covered with the paver adhesive. If the substrate isdamaged to a greater extent than small cracks, it may be necessary tocut out the corresponding portion of the substrate to the full depth ofthe substrate and repair the corresponding portion of the substrateprior to continuing the disclosed method. For example, repairing aportion of the substrate can include refilling the removed portion ofthe substrate with concrete or the like using rebar, which can helpprovide adequate strength for the substrate.

The method can include laying (e.g., setting, positioning) paver tilesover or atop the dry paver adhesive. It may be helpful to lay pavertiles to track any outer edges of the substrate and/or to abut anystructures adjacent to the substrate (e.g., a house, a building, aretaining wall). That is, it may be helpful to create a border of pavertiles. Optionally, the method can include cutting a groove in thesubstrate at or near the border. The groove can provide a channel forincreased paver adhesive depth, which can help enhance bond strengthbetween the border tiles and the substrate. Similarly, it may bebeneficial to cut two substantially parallel grooves at or near theborder of the substrate.

If desired, it can be helpful use a wet mortar to lay the border tiles.For example, the method can include mixing a latex modifier and/orhydrating the paver adhesive to create a wet mortar and spreading thewet mortar along the border area of the substrate. The correspondingborder tiles can then be laid atop the wet mortar bed and permitted tocure and/or harden. This can enable a user to create a solidified borderwithout wetting the interior area where the dry paver adhesive islocated or will be applied.

Once paver tiles have been placed atop the dry paver adhesive, themethod can include hydrating the dry paver adhesive, which can includespraying or otherwise applying water atop the installed paver tiles andthe underlying paver adhesive. Once the paver adhesive has beensufficiently hydrated, the method can include spreading or distributingmason sand over the installed paver tiles to fill joints. Once hydrated,the method can include permitting the paver adhesive to cure and/orharden and to gain strength before beginning normal use. For example, itmay be necessary to wait approximately 24 hours to approximately 72hours before beginning normal use.

The disclosed technology can enable secure adhesion of paver tiles to asubstrate. As will be appreciated, the layer of paver tiles above thehydrated paver adhesive can serve as a curing membrane to prevent rapidevaporation of the water in the hydrated paver mix. Further, any borderconstruction made by laying down a wet mortar bed and a layer of pavertiles can serve to contain the hydrating water subsequently applied tothe interior portion of paver tiles laid atop the dry paver adhesive andthus preventing hydraulic pressure from “washing out” the dry paveradhesive from beneath the interior paver tiles.

While certain embodiments of the disclosed technology have beendescribed in connection with what is presently considered to be the mostpractical embodiments, it is to be understood that the disclosedtechnology is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on thecontrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalentarrangements included within the scope of the appended claims. Althoughspecific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic anddescriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A dry concrete mix for dry setting paver tiles,the dry concrete mix comprising: cement; silica sand; alumina silicate;and a latex polymer and/or acrylic polymer in a concentration range fromapproximately 23 wt. % to approximately 70 wt. %.
 2. The dry concretemix of claim 1, wherein the cement is Portland cement.
 3. The dryconcrete mix of claim 2, wherein the Portland cement comprises: Type Icement in a concentration range from approximately 40 wt. % toapproximately 60 wt. %; and Type III cement in a concentration rangefrom approximately 40 wt. % to approximately 60 wt. %.
 4. The dryconcrete mix of claim 1, wherein the latex polymer and/or acrylicpolymer is dry and redispersible.
 5. A dry concrete mix for dry settingpaver tiles, the dry concrete mix comprising: cement in a concentrationrange from approximately 20 wt. % to approximately 40 wt. %; silica sandin a concentration range from approximately 30 wt. % to approximately 50wt. %; a water retention material; and a latex polymer and/or acrylicpolymer in a concentration range from approximately 23 wt. % toapproximately 50 wt. %.
 6. The dry concrete mix of claim 5, wherein thewater retention material is alumina silicate.